L-Gulose is an unnatural monosaccharide. L-Gulose is the putative furanose form of L-sorbosone that exists as a syrup with a sweet taste. It is an L-hexose sugar and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of L-Ascorbate (vitamin C).

Ganolucidic acid E inhibits the growth of three types of human cancer cells: Caco-2, HepG2 and HeLa cells.

Isocarlinoside, L-malic acid, trans-aconitic acid, (+)-isocitric acid , 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 2"-O-rhamnosylisoorientin, and 7-O-(2"-O-glucuronosyl)glucuronosyltricin showed high antifeeding activity against brown planthopper only when they were combined.